Personal Archives Research Articles

Miguel Primo de Rivera y Urquijo: A Forgotten Protagonist of Spain's Transition to Democracy, 1964–1978

Historians have traditionally studied Spain's transition to democracy (1975–8) through the point of view of its protagonists, especially King Juan Carlos I and Prime Minister Adolfo Suárez. The figure of Miguel Primo de Rivera y Urquijo (1934–2018), who despite being José Antonio's nephew and Franco's protégé defended the Political Reform Act which restored democracy, is one that however has barely received attention from historians. This is mainly due to the lack of sources on him, apart from his memoirs, published in 2002. The unprecedented access to his personal archive reveals that Primo de Rivera had a crucial role in the transition: although apparently an outright Francoist, he dedicated all of his efforts to accomplishing the succession of Juan Carlos and the eventual restoration of democracy. This paper rediscovers his figure, revealing him to be a convinced democrat and a crucial member of the strategy that brought down Francoism.

Multimedia healthcare cloud personal archives security system based on compressed sensing and multi-image encryption

Cloud services in the medical process have become commonplace, and the semi-trusted nature of the healthcare cloud makes security in the communication process particularly important. This paper summarizes the four major pain points in the process of collecting, storing in the cloud, and communicating information in the medical process, and proposes a multimedia medical cloud information security system. The pressure of channel transmission is reduced by compressing two-dimensional information images with compressed sensing (CS) technology. The multimedia information type conversion technology can convert multimedia information into 2D images, and the converted 2D images are merged into a multi-image cube, which realizes the “one-person-one-cube” medical information archives management mode. A chaotic multi-image encryption (MIE) based on Identity Mutual Recognition Keys (IMRKs) is designed to encrypt the cube by transmitting it to the edge cloud, which ensures security and solves the problem of unauthorized use of medical information. The 3D Positioning Fifth Generation Message-Digest (3DPMD5) tamper determination algorithm is utilized to generate 32-bit hexadecimal numbers that are transmitted back to the medical terminal to achieve cloud tamper resistance. It is able to be demonstrated from the simulation results that the system has good reconstruction results, relatively safe performance, and high encryption and decryption efficiency.

How geographic thought happens: The autobiography of a mutable mobile

This article approaches the history of geographic thought through a partial autobiography that covers the last 40 years – a period that corresponds with the existence of the History and Philosophy of Geography Research Group of the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers). The paper is informed by both memory and a personal archive of material from the mid to late 1980s. The autobiographical material is linked to the places that the author passed through and the ways these places, and the assemblage of people in them, influenced the author's development of ideas around place, mobility and knowledge. In this sense, this an account of how theory, scholarship and the scholars that produce them, arise in networked ways through connections that are embedded in place but are often from elsewhere, traveling through.

Knowledge Graph Visualization Interface for Digital Heritage Collections

Digital heritage portal interfaces are generally similar to digital library and search engine interfaces in displaying search results as a list of brief metadata records. The knowledge organization and search result display of these systems are item-centric, with little support for identifying relationships between items. This paper proposes a knowledge graph system and visualization interface as a promising solution for digital heritage systems to support users in browsing related items, understanding the relationships between items, and synthesizing a narrative on an issue. The paper discusses design issues for the knowledge graph, graph database, and graph visualization, and offers recommendations based on the authors’ experience in developing three knowledge graph systems for archive and digital humanities resources: the Zubir Said personal archive collection at the Nanyang Academy of Fine Arts, Singapore; Singapore Pioneers social network; and Polyglot Medicine knowledge graph of Asian traditional and herbal medicine. Lessons learned from a small user study are incorporated in the discussion.

«Дипломат поневоле»: страницы биографии Николая Васильевича Новикова

Introduction. The article analyzes the biography and diplomatic activities of Nikolai Vasilievich Novikov (1903–1989), a Soviet diplomat who represented the USSR in Cairo and in Washington during World War II and took part in the efforts to establish a new system of international relations at the beginning of the Cold War. Methods and materials. The article is based on published texts by Nikolai Novikov himself, diplomatic documents, periodicals, and materials from his personal archive, deposited in the Archive of the European University at St. Petersburg by the diplomat’s family. Analysis. The authors examine Novikov’s biography, the reasons for his rapid career in the People’s Commissariat of Foreign Affairs, his relations with Soviet foreign policy managers, and the circumstances of his resignation at a relatively young age. Special attention is paid to Novikov’s activities in the United States in the context of the emerging Cold War, the place of Novikov’s note (cable) in the process of shaping Soviet approaches to relations with the United States, and his own attitude to these approaches. Results. Novikov’s contribution to the shaping of the postwar world is underappreciated, as are his attempts to resist the changes that were breaking Soviet-American cooperation in the international arena. In fact, the strategic concepts formulated by Novikov in a memo to Molotov were the basis of the official Soviet interpretation of the causes and nature of the Cold War and were included in Soviet school and university textbooks on universal history and the history of international relations. Authors’ contributions. A.I. Kubyshkin analyzed the most important stages of Nikolai Novikov’s diplomatic activity and the general situation in relations between the USSR and the USA during the Second World War. He assessed Novikov’s activities from the political leadership of the USSR and foreign countries in which the Soviet diplomat worked. He also examined the most important aspects of the activities of Soviet diplomacy reflected in Novikov’s memoirs and carried out their internal criticism as a historical source. I.I. Kurilla processed the archive of Nikolai Novikov and identified and analyzed the corpus of sources of personal origin. He also analyzed the contents of Nikolai Novikov’s personal diaries, reviewed the personal contribution of N.V. Novikov in developing a strategy in relations with the United States in the initial period of the Cold War, and compared the contents of the “long telegram” of J. Kennan and the “Novikov telegram”.

From Contract Surgeon to Town Doctor: The Life and Legacy of Dr. Martin Light Herr

Objectives The life and legacy of Dr. Martin L. Herr of Lancaster, PA helps to correct the popular perception that contract surgeons in the Civil War were nothing more than quacks and butchers when in fact they proved to be courageous and competent physicians essential to give medical care to overwhelming numbers of casualties. Methods Personal papers and archives of ML Herr in the Lancaster Historical Society (Lancaster, PA) were reviewed. Results ML Herr obtained his medical training and degree while serving as a contract surgeon during the Civil War. He transformed that experience to become a community leader and town physician and surgeon. His legacy helps to restore the reputation of contract surgeons to the honor they deserve. Conclusions Dr. ML Herr served both his fellow man and his community with distinction during the Civil War and in civilian life. He left the army, his country, the people of Lancaster, his family, and his profession better off because of his presence.

Personal Archives for Community Building: Lessons Learned from PG Sindhi Library

Personal Archives for Community Building: Lessons Learned from PG Sindhi Library

Multi-Convolutional Neural Network-Based Diagnostic Software for the Presumptive Determination of Non-Dermatophyte Molds

Based on the literature data, the incidence of superficial and invasive non-dermatophyte mold infection (NDMI) has increased. Many of these infections are undiagnosed or misdiagnosed, thus causing inadequate treatment procedures followed by critical conditions or even mortality of the patients. Accurate diagnosis of these infections requires complex mycological analyses and operator skills, but simple, fast, and more efficient mycological tests are still required to overcome the limitations of conventional fungal diagnostic procedures. In this study, software has been developed to provide an efficient mycological diagnosis using a trained convolutional neural network (CNN) model as a core classifier. Using EfficientNet-B2 architecture and permanent slides of NDM isolated from patient’s materials (personal archive of Prof. Otašević, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Niš, Serbia), a multi-CNN model has been trained and then integrated into the diagnostic tool, with a 93.73% accuracy of the main model. The Grad-CAM visualization model has been used for further validation of the pattern recognition of the model. The software, which makes the final diagnosis based on the rule of the major method, has been tested with images provided by different European laboratories, showing an almost faultless accuracy with different test images.

Bohemia at the Pacific seabed: Archiving the future of deep-sea mining with the Interoceanmetal Joint Organization.

This article uses historical and ethnographic methods to examine the primarily East-Central European Interoceanmetal Joint Organization (IOM). I ask how and why the IOM has survived as an institution since its inception in 1987, working especially with the personal archive of Vratislav Kubišta. Kubišta was a metallurgist and former Deputy Director General at IOM who after retirement sought to develop a local deep-sea mining museum. This is a story about the work that archives do, but even more about how institutions maintain archives. I draw on recent work in the history and anthropology of time and archival practice to situate IOM's history and Kubišta's collection in narratives of ruin, the unbuilt, and the experience of multiple temporalities within spaces of resource speculation and anticipation. I suggest that IOM's history highlights the contingencies of resources in the temporality of indefinite pause, their attendant data, and scientific labor and life under the shifting political, economic, and scientific circumstances of the ongoing not-yet. In broadening the history of what is once more a hotly contested potential resource, this account speaks to the claims of contemporary would-be seabed miners, who frequently frame the practice in terms of innovation, urgency, and novelty.

Resolution to Ethnic Conflict: Anti-Chinese Riots in Garut, Indonesia, in the middle of the Twentieth Century

The Anti-Chinese riots in Indonesia are a dark side of history that must be uncovered. The riots caused by ethnicity and racism worldwide, such as the recent Anti-Chinese issue in the United States, also occurred even in Indonesia after World War II. The racial riots in Garut destroyed Chinese-owned houses, factories, and shops on two consecutive days. The research uses historical methods, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography, that reveal the memories of victims, perpetrators, witnesses, and rare primary personal archives. Through a social history approach, the research indicates that not only ethnicity causes violence but also social, political, and religious sentiments initiated by youth organizations, local religious leaders, and former followers of the revolutionary movement. This study provides benefits so that the public and stakeholders can manage ethnic, religious, racial, and inter-group issues to avoid ethnic conflicts that end in violence.

The caged bird sings of freedom: Maya Angelou’s anti-colonial journalism in the United Arab Republic and Ghana, 1961–1965

Abstract At the height of the ‘global 1960s’, hundreds of African Americans moved to Africa in search of a refuge from racism and the opportunity to participate in anti-colonial politics. One of the most prominent figures in this movement was Maya Angelou. Nine years before the publication of her first book, Angelou lived in Egypt, then known as the United Arab Republic, where she worked as a writer, editor, and broadcaster at state-directed media institutions. She continued this work in Ghana, where her journalism and political writing situated the civil rights struggle in the United States within wider campaigns against racism and imperialism. Using previously unexamined documents from Angelou’s personal archive and surviving records of her political writing, this article sheds light on the role of African American activists in global anti-colonial networks and the challenges faced by radical journalists across the decolonizing world.

Nikolay Lisovoy: “I am a Conservative!” (Review of Nikolay Lisovoy’s Work in the Soviet Period)

This article delves into the works of Nikolay Nikolayevich Lisovoy (1946–2019) during the initial 45 years of his life, which coincided with the Soviet era. It was during this period that the main concepts of his creativity were formulated: the Orthodox Empire and its relation to the Church, the history of Russian theology, the history of the Russian Church and its saints, Russian conservative journalism from the late 19th to the early 20th century, and the Russian spiritual and political presence in the East. Nikolay Lisovoy’s youth was marked by the peak of his poetic creativity, and he primarily considered himself a poet. To the contemporary reader, Nikolay Lisovoy is largely known for his writings on the Holy Land and his activities in the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society (IPPO). However, during the considered period of his creative output, these themes were not yet at the forefront of his attention, thus his main contributions to the development of Russian conservative thought remain practically unknown. Based on Nikolay Lisovoy’s personal archive and his early publications, the author analyzes his works written during the Soviet era, delves into the origins of his creativity, and identifies individuals who significantly influenced his formation. Of particular interest is the examination of Nikolay Lisovoy’s works at the intersection of disciplines: physics, philosophy and theology, semiotics and linguistics, history and canon law, historiosophy and political science. Nikolay Lisovoy’s creative output is explored using materials from his personal archive within the context of the epoch, taking into account individuals who had a particular influence on him, including his mother Olga Talantseva, Fyodor Sukhov, Vasily Shulgin, Archimandrite Innokenty (Prosvirnin), Tatyana Glushkova and others.This publication, commemorating the 5th anniversary of Nikolay Lisovoy’s passing, aims to initiate a comprehensive study of Nikolay Lisovoy’s spiritual and scientific legacy from the first 30 years of his creative path, which unfolded during the Soviet period, and and introduce it to the scientific society. By 1991, Nikolay Lisovoy laid the foundations of concepts that are extremely relevant to conservative thought today. The most important of them is the idea that Russia was and remains an Orthodox Empire, destined to resist the entropy threatening humanity and originating from the West. Above all, he considered himself a conservative.The author of the article has been a disciple of Nikolay Lisovoy since 2003, actively promoting his works. After being ordained as a priest in 2013, he regularly performed confession, communion, and administered the last sacraments for the scholar and his spouse.

A guide for the perplexed. Exploring the German-Jewish archives at the National Library of Israel

ABSTRACT The National Library of Israel holds more than 200 personal archives and collections of German-Jewish intellectuals from the 19 th and 20 th century. In 2021/2022, a joint project with the University of Hamburg catalogued and digitized 24 of the most important holdings. This article surveys the complex characteristics of the material and points to its significance for scholarship through three exemplary dimensions: personal entanglements, multilingualism, and migration histories. It also addresses the challenges of accessing and managing more than 700,000 digital images and shows the potentials they hold for future research. The article serves as an introduction to this special issue.

‘I Invoke You to Understand My Despair Due to the Disruption of the Production Plan.’ Yuri Shaporin, Elena Malinovskaya and the Bolshoi Theater in the First Half of the 1930s

The article is devoted to the history of the interactions between the important Soviet composer Yuri Shaporin with the State Academic Bolshoi Theater in the first half of the 1930s. The research is based on archival materials to a considerable degree brought into scholarly use for the first time. A special role for disclosing the theme was played by the documents of the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art (preserved in the personal archives of Yuri Shaporin, director of the Bolshoi Theater Elena Malinovskaya and, of course, the archive of the Bolshoi Theater) and the Russian State Archive of Social-Political History. In the early 1930s the directory of the Bolshoi Theater, which was headed by Malinovskaya, was actively looking for works pertaining to a new, “Soviet” repertoire; the necessity of the theater’s “renewal” was also constantly reminded both by the press and the country’s leadership. In these conditions serous hopes were set on the collaboration with Leningrad-based composer Yuri Shaporin, who committed himself to presenting a symphony and an opera. The latter, which was supposed to have written on the plotline of the insurrection of the Decembrists, was more crucial for the theater. Malinovskaya expected this composition to open with itself a grandiose musical cycle devoted to the history of the revolutionary movement in Russia: the two following operas which Shaporin was expected to write were supposed to be devoted to the members of the Narodnaya Volya [People’s Will] revolutionary movement and to the Marxists. However, the work on The Decembrists began to be delayed unacceptably, which was the result both of the irresponsible behavior of the composer, who worked only from time to time on the composition entrusted to him, as well as his disagreements with the writer Alexei Nikolayevich Tolstoy, who was working on the libretto based on his own novelette written by him earlier. As the result, prior to 1935 (the year Malinovskaya resigned and there was a change of the directory of the Bolshoi Theater) The Decembrists were not completed (this happened much later, in 1953, already in different historical conditions).

Un diplomat de tranziție. Grigore C. Moisil ambasador la Ankara (1946-1948)

"At the end of the Second World War, in search of a favorable image on international level, the Romanian Government appointed four renowned intellectuals as heads of mission in the capitals who had priority in Romania's foreign policy: Simion Stoilov in Paris, Mihai Ralea in Washington, Tudor Vianu in Belgrade, Iorgu Iordan in Moscow and Grigore C. Moisil in Ankara. In the case of all of them it was the only experience as an ambassador. In this work, Grigore C. Moisil's mandate as ambassador to the Republic of Turkey is analyzed. The analysis has three main objectives. Firstly, the goals of his mandate as ambassador are examined. Secondly, his position regarding the Romanian diplomats in Turkey that refused to accept the authority of the communist Government in Bucharest is examined. Finally, the effects of the different orientations of Romania and Turkey in the new post-war configuration and the way in which this reality influenced the position and behavior of the Romanian diplomat are explained. The article is based on unpublished archival documents, documents from Grigore C. Moisil's personal archive kept at the Romanian Academy Library and his partially published correspondence."

Elena Alexandrovna Bakhtina: an Attempt to Verify Biographical Information (On the Problem of Creating a Scientific Biography of M. M. Bakhtin)

Introduction. The creation of a scientific biography of M. M. Bakhtin (1895–1975) is an urgent task of the modern humanities. There are many “blank spots” and inaccuracies in the biographies of the thinker. One of the most noticeable gaps is the extremely scarce and contradictory biographical information about his wife, E. A. Bakhtina (nee Okolovich). The article sets the task of verifying the biographical information about her given by other researchers by comparing already known sources and introducing new ones into scientific circulation. Materials and Methods. The study is of a historical-biographical nature. Research material: unpublished documents from the personal archive of M. M. Bakhtin; printed historical sources of the XX century (“Commemorative books” and other reference publications of the Vitebsk province); oral memoirs of people who communicated with E. A. Bakhtina during the Saransk period of her life recorded by the author in the 1990s – 2000s; scientific and popular science publications of a biographical nature about M. M. Bakhtin and representatives of his Circle. Basic methods and approaches: historical-and-cultural approach, comparative historical method (including comparative and correlative analysis). Results. It was revealed that many of the widely disseminated data about E. A. Bakhtina are inaccurate or generally do not correspond to reality. The introduction of new sources into scientific circulation made it possible to correct the date (year, day, month) and place of her birth, to determine the places of her study and work in different periods, to clarify and expand information about her parents (full name, place of residence and work, position, rank, estate, property status). Discussion and Conclusion. The results obtained contribute to solving the complex problem of creating a scientific biography of M. M. Bakhtin, in particular, they make adjustments to the ideas that have developed in science about the Vitebsk, Leningrad and Kustanai periods of his life, about the sequence of some events which happened to him at that time and about cause-and-effect connections between them.

Социокультурная типология конструкта «советский человек»

The article presents the socio-cultural typology of the construct “Soviet man” based on the analysis of the value system of the Soviet period. The construct “Soviet man” is analyzed within the framework of three approaches: political, cultural-anthropological and generational. The authors identify the meaningful elements of the “Soviet man” construct: ideological, emotional and behavioral, in accordance with which the typology is carried out. An empirical study of the value system of a “Soviet person” is based on a review of the unique personal archive of a “Soviet person”, a generalization of interviews of Russians aged 60 and older living in the Kurgan region in 1960–1990 (N = 72), an analysis of the results of a mass survey (N = 715) of elderly respondents (Kurgan, Chel- yabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Tyumen region). The data obtained allow us to see that the “Soviet man” is a complex and differentiated construct of the 1960–1980s, his stability is largely due to the values thanks to which he continues to exist and influence the choice of individuals in various life situations.

Peran Personal Digital Archiving Dalam Preservasi Arsip Orkes Keroncong Surya Mataram Yogyakarta

The current state of the physical release of the Orkes Keroncong Surya Mataram tape, with limited quantity and inadequate archival practices, require an urgent digitization and management initiative. The objective of this activity is to ensure that the succeeding generations inherit a comprehensive understanding of keroncong music from the Orkes Keroncong Surya Mataram. This research seeks to comprehend the process of digitizing and managing the audio digital archive of the Orkes Keroncong Surya Mataram, employing the principles of personal digital archiving for preservation. A qualitative research with utilizing a case study approach was employed to identify the process of digitizing physical assets such as tape tapes, Orkes Keroncong Surya Mataram tapes, and managing digital archives as preservation efforts. This involved selecting a social situation, employing data collection techniques, and undertaking data analysis processes. The findings of this study reveal that there are 44 songs across four tape cassettes in optimal condition for digitization. The digitization process is executed through three stages: preparation, implementation, and archiving. Once digitized, the 44 songs are managed based on the principles of personal digital archiving. In conclusion, personal digital archiving plays a crucial role in preserving and managing information pertaining to the intra-aesthetic value of keroncong music, serving as a valuable source of knowledge and future research data. Based on the research findings, digital archivists personally extend recommendations to individuals, groups, and the general public, emphasizing the importance of proper and wise archival care. The use of technology and the internet facilitates easier implementation and access to the results of personal digital archiving efforts.

Rural Settlement Network in Territory of Contemporary Omsk Region from Last Quarter of 19th Century to Early 20th Century

The article examines the characteristics of the formation of the rural settlement network in the territory of modern Omsk region during the last quarter of the 19th century through the early 20th century. The relevance of this study is driven by societal and governmental interest in rural history, as well as by the expansion of the source base, which is related to the popularization of museum collections and personal archives. Throughout the research, the author analyzes a wide range of sources and identifies features of the territory’s settlement, lifestyle, and everyday life of peasants, as well as the nature of relationships between settlers and natives. The author concludes that natural and geographical conditions played a significant role in shaping the network of rural settlements, organizing economic life, and the daily routines of peasants. Particular attention is paid to the study of the economic life of peasants, as it was one of the defining factors in the formation of the rural settlement network of the territory. The investigation reveals that agriculture was the main occupation for peasants in the Omsk Irtysh region, despite the limited amount of arable land available. Livestock breeding was confined to its economic significance. Additional income for peasants depended on their settlement location and was determined by the natural resources of the territory. Natural and geographical conditions also dictated the external appearance of settlements.

Travelogs of Journeys to Lithuania in Early 15th–19th Century: The Problem of Egodocumentality and Typology

The article discusses the egodocumentary travel writing of trips to/inside Lithuania, which is characterised by an autobiographical first-person narration, and examines its origins, development, and dissemination. Based on the methodological paradigms of research into the cultural heritage of a manuscript and printed book, the concepts of memory archive, book communication cycle, and the social life of books, an attempt is made to draw the boundaries among the types of this writing (typology), and the intentions of the writing and publishing process are revealed. The case study is based on manuscript and published travel descriptions by both Lithuanian and foreign authors for the routes in the territory of Lithuania or on the Lithuanian border. It was found that first-person narration and an author’s ‘participation’ are present not only in manuscript travel accounts that are personal and those belonging to one’s relatives (family, clan, descendants), but also in texts that engage a wider audience and are published and distributed through various media. The attempt at a typology of travel egodocumentation revealed a gap between a genetic taxonomy based on the notion of the personal archive as a treasure trove of memory and a literary classification based on contemporary genres of travel writing. Travel accounts were created on the basis of the worldview prevailing in the society of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which formed a canon different from the European one. Noteworthy are the hitherto understudied egodocumentary marginalia, diaries in calendars that reflect the culture of travel in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.